Difference between Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics and Mill’s Utilitarianism.

Subject: Philosophy

Topic: Difference between Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics and Mill’s Utilitarianism.
The common dividend to compare Aristotle’s and Mill’s ethics with, is happiness. While both philosophers appear to agree at the obvious conclusion that happiness is the telos of human life, they both differ in how they characterize it, and also in their thoughts on how it is to be attained. Aristotle’s teleological view of the cosmos posits that everything has a purpose.
Humans, also, have their purpose, which is the perfection of that which is unique or exclusive to them: reason. Happiness, as a human goal, is achieved in, rather, through, this process of perfecting the reason. In other words, human are happy when they are close to the ideal. Now Aristotle and Mill both belong to a tradition of philosophers who exclude and elevate human reason. While Aristotle seems to say that happiness is the state achieved through the discipline and exercise of reason (in economizing life into a temperate stability, not overdoing, not under-doing anything), Mill claims that happiness is ultimately related to pleasure.
Humans seek pleasure/ the absence of pain, and this is what makes them happy, and it is towards this, in Mill’s philosophy, that reason is aimed at. Aristotle’s happy person lives by virtues through the discipline of his reason, not like Mills’ version that tends toward pleasure. Mills version is partial to ‘mental pleasure’, which animals don’t have the privilege of exploring. A man may, against his own discernment, go for lower animal pleasures. And this is where his reason and discernment come in.

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